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Pathogens and pathogenic pathogens belong to the fungus Fusarium, with mycelium, seedling nucleus, and chlamydospore overwintering on diseased plant residues in the soil. The viability of the germs is very strong, and they can survive for 5 or 6 years. Seeds and manure can also be brought to bear. General pathogens invade from the roots of young roots and roots, stem wounds, and propagate within the vascular bundles. Irritation can be transmitted by irrigation, rain, and insects. From the seedlings to the late growth period can be the disease, especially in the most severe disease period. When the seedling develops, it first turns brown and shrinks at the base of the young stem, and then the cotyledon droops. When the adult becomes infected, the base of the stem rots and rots and collapses. After the occurrence of longitudinal cracks, it often flows out of the gelatinous material, and the disease minister emerges when it is wet. Pink mold (conidia), dried and shrank into hemp. At the early stage of the disease, the plants showed wilting during the day and returned to normal at night. After repeated days, the whole plant wilted and died. Some also showed yellow-brown streaks in the stems and nodes of the stumps, and the leaves turned yellow and dry from the bottom upwards. The diseased stems were cut and the vascular bundles became brown or rotted. This is caused by mycelium invading the vascular tissue to secrete toxins, which often leads to impeded water transport, causing wilting of stems and leaves, and finally withers.
Incidence conditions
The bacteria can grow and develop between 4 and 38 degrees, but the optimum temperature is 28 to 32 degrees, and the incidence is very fast when the soil temperature reaches 24 to 32 degrees. Wherever there is heavy ploughing, low-lying terrain, poor drainage, excessive nitrogen fertilizer application or no decomposition of fertilizers, the soil is acidic and the disease is heavy. The bacteria can survive in the soil for more than 10 years.
Prevention
1. Strictly implement the rotation for more than three or four years, pay attention to the selection of high-lying, well-drained plots of winter melons.
2. Use disease-resistant varieties, and when harvesting seeds must be preserved from disease-free plants.
3. Strict seed disinfection before sowing, generally 40% formalin 100 times soaking for 30 minutes, or 50% carbendazim 1500 times soaking for 1 hour, then remove with water rinse after germination sowing.
4. High ridge cultivation, more phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, less nitrogen fertilizer. Make full use of organic fertilizer as base fertilizer. During the onset of the disease, the number of waterings should be appropriately reduced, flood irrigation should be strictly prohibited, and timely drainage should be performed after the rain.
5. Observe the observation and find that the diseased plants are eradicated by destroying the roots with soil and lime to prevent disease from spreading.
6. Conduct chemical control. In the melon growth period or early onset, 70% thiophanate 1500 times, or 1000 times solution of carbendazim can be used to irrigate the rhizosphere soil of the plant, and the dose is about 300 ml per plant.
Prevention and treatment of bitter gourd wilt
Bitter gourd wilt disease is also known as nectar, wilting disease and so on. The main hazard is the melon root and root neck.